888 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

888 - Essay Example Said traces most of his perceptive from the colonial era at a time when America had not become the world’s superpower. At this time, the British had colonies in the East and the French was also on the verge of establishing dynasties in the same location. The paper identifies, interprets and analyzes some of the proponents of the Said for use as a lens in the analysis of a primary text. Said pinpoints some assumptions made by the West about the Orient. He assumes that the West perceives Arabs as dishonest, menacing, anti-western and irrational. The text reveals that the thoughts presented in it are in opposition to how he considers the West to think of themselves (5). Therefore, he outlines his broadly projected image of the people of Arabic nature as they feature in the minds of the Western people. Specifically, he acknowledges that the Arabs exist in the western minds as â€Å"others.† According to them, anyone who is not one of them belongs to the category of others. The author addresses his issues using assumptions that one may risk considering to be truthful (7). If one takes such a positive stance, his ideologies and relations with the Arabs may be jeopardized. Hence, while considering Said’s arguments one should be cautious to avoid bias. The call for a new perception and treatment of â€Å"the Orient† that permits the independent representation of authors who belong to the Orient as opposed to the reliance on the second-hand representation is valuable. In respect to the profound dependence on other personalities for ideas, it is significant to notice the widespread use of the word â€Å"orient† on almost half of the world. The mentioning of a greater part of the world as orient expands the bracket of disparity and intensifies the divide on ideology and identity. However, making such broad generalization is unwarranted in the modern day as nations such as Egypt and the Chinese that have achieved a significant level of

Five Challenges for the Future of Media-Effects Essay

Five Challenges for the Future of Media-Effects - Essay Example Through the research of Peter and Valkenburg, it is vivid that the effect of media on individuals is evident. But at this point, they both have managed to show that these effects show a slight or major difference when compared to other disciplines. â€Å"Five Challenges for the Future of  Media-Effects  Research† shows that the changes in cognition, emotional and behavioral attitude of individuals attributable to the media effects are different from other social and behavioral sciences. They have presented a number of figures and statistics that point out this difference. They have gathered the results of different experiments performed by different experts to show the deviations. These surveys of different experiments helped them to construct their argument that will further be strengthened by the drawbacks and solutions. They completely agree with the fact that the media effects are inevitable and they affect every individual. But the impact of this effect depends on age, gender and taste that is often overlooked while experimenting or collecting data. The authors then present five major challenges that need not be overlooked while carrying out an experiment that determines the effect of a certain act on individuals. They travel from micro level to macro keeping in mind the minute details that shall not be overlooked. The first challenge is the Improvement of Media Exposure Measures that includes the risk of self-reported  data in which an individual might feel uncomfortable while revealing intimate information due to public pressure so this will give an opinion shaped by social pressure, not by the personal opinion which will affect the results. To avoid this we should divide the genres and then ask the willing and able candidates to provide information. This will help in collecting pure opinions. The second challenge is More Attention to Conditional Media Effects.